Exploring metal halide perovskites as active architectures in energy storage systems

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as versatile, cutting-edge materials in the field of energy conversion and storage, expanding their influence well beyond photovoltaics to transform technologies such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors (SCs), and photo-induced energy storage systems. Initially renowned for their remarkable performance in solar cells, MHPs are now attracting significant attention in energy storage applications due to their outstanding properties, including high ionic conductivity (10⁻³ to 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹), long charge-carrier diffusion lengths, tunable band gaps, large surface areas, and structurally flexible lattices. Both lead-based and lead-free variants have demonstrated considerable promise, particularly as electrode materials and in the fabrication of stable artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs). In addition, the strong light absorption capabilities of halide perovskites have opened pathways toward photo-rechargeable devices, where perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are integrated directly with energy storage systems to enable sustainable and efficient photo-charging. This review provides a concise overview of recent progress in the synthesis and compositional engineering of MHPs, examining how structural and chemical tuning governs their optoelectronic and physicochemical properties. It further explores the emerging applications of perovskite materials in diverse energy storage devices, emphasizing the role of composition in optimizing electrochemical performance. Special attention is given to the integration of PSCs with storage systems as a promising avenue for next-generation multifunctional energy technologies. Finally, the review outlines future opportunities and the key challenges that must be addressed to fully realize the potential of MHPs in high-performance, durable, and scalable energy storage solutions.