Exploring Metal Halide Perovskites as Active Architectures in Energy Storage Systems

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as cutting-edge materials in the field of energy storage, extending their impact beyond photovoltaics to revolutionize technologies such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors (SCs), and photo-induced energy storage systems. Initially renowned for their role in solar cells, MHPs are now gaining attention in energy storage devices for their exceptional properties such as high ionic conductivity (10^-3 to 10^-4 S/cm), long charge carrier diffusion lengths, tuneable bandgaps, large surface areas, and structurally flexible lattices. Both lead-based and lead-free perovskites have demonstrated significant potential, particularly as electrode materials and in forming stable artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs). Their strong light absorption capabilities have also paved the way for the development of photo-rechargeable devices, where perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are integrated with energy storage systems to enable direct photo-charging offering a sustainable and efficient energy solution. This review explores recent advancements in the application of MHPs in energy storage devices, emphasizing how compositional tuning influences their electrochemical performance. It also highlights the growing interest in integrating PSCs with storage systems as a novel direction for next-generation energy technologies. Finally, the review discusses the future prospects and challenges of MHPs in driving the development of high-performance, multifunctional energy storage systems.