Research progress of atomically dispersed iron, nitrogen co-coordinated carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction: a mini-review

Abstract

As one of the most promising non-noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the atomically dispersed iron, nitrogen co-coordinated carbon (Fe–N–C) catalyst featuring Fe–N_x sites has gained widespread application in fuel cells and Zn–air batteries due to its highest atomic utilization, tunable electronic structure and excellent catalytic activity. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and discussion of recent advancements in atomically dispersed Fe–N–C catalysts. Initially, the design principles and preparation methods for efficient Fe–N–C are introduced in detail, focusing on three key aspects: enhancing active site loading, improving intrinsic activity and constructing hierarchical porous structures. Additionally, this review systematically summarizes the application of various advanced characterization techniques in the structural analysis of active sites. Finally, we outline the existing challenges and research directions of atomically dispersed Fe–N–C, offering new insights and guidance for the future development of high-performance oxygen reduction catalysts.