Issue 19, 2025

Na layer pillar ion post-doping facilitates diffusion kinetics and structural stability in NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2

Abstract

Elemental doping is an effective strategy to enhance the structural stability of O3-type layered cathodes, but few studies focus on the differences in influence of dopants on sodium-ion diffusion kinetics during material synthesis and charge–discharge processes. Herein, two Ca-incorporating materials, pre-doped and post-doped Na1−2xCaxNi0.5Mn0.5O2 accompanied by Na vacancies, were successfully synthesized. Ca2+ pre-doping inhibits Na+ diffusion into the bulk during synthesis and consequently causes electrochemical performance degradation, while the post-doping strategy, by introducing Ca2+ after the synthesis of NNM, effectively circumvents these detrimental effects. The designed post-doping sample enlarges the Na interlayer spacing with fast Na+ diffusion behavior and reinforces a layered structure with the “pillar” effect of strong Ca2+–O2− bonds, thus enhancing rate capability and cycling stability. Meanwhile, enhanced Na+ diffusion kinetics ensures uniform phase transitions from the surface to the bulk. Consequently, the post-doping approach provides inspiration for the design and synthesis of high-performance O3-type Na-layered oxides.

Graphical abstract: Na layer pillar ion post-doping facilitates diffusion kinetics and structural stability in NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
27 Jan 2025
Accepted
02 Apr 2025
First published
03 Apr 2025

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025,13, 14251-14261

Na layer pillar ion post-doping facilitates diffusion kinetics and structural stability in NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2

R. Jin, S. Li, W. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Z. Qiu, Y. Zhang, H. Wang, J. Li, Y. Lai and Z. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 14251 DOI: 10.1039/D5TA00764J

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