Electrification in the chemical industry and its role in achieving carbon neutrality: areas, challenges, and opportunities for process intensification

Abstract

Electrification in the chemical industry is increasingly regarded as a key enabler of carbon neutrality. By substituting conventional fossil-based heat and power with electricity, particularly when sourced from low-carbon and renewable systems, the sector can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions while enhancing energy efficiency. However, the true impact on carbon neutrality strongly depends on the carbon intensity of the electricity supply, which requires parallel decarbonization of power generation systems. This article reviews the technological pathways, opportunities, and challenges of large-scale electrification in chemical processes, with emphasis on process integration, flexibility, and system-level interactions with evolving energy infrastructures. Moreover, it highlights the role of policy frameworks, market incentives, and cross-sectoral synergies in accelerating deployment. The discussion underscores that electrification, coupled with sustainable electricity generation, is central to achieving long-term climate goals and fostering an energy transition consistent with carbon neutrality.