Carbon-Based and Metal Hydride Materials for Advanced Hydrogen Storage: Progress, Challenges and Future Directions

Abstract

The recent progress in metal hydrides, rare earth metal hydrides, and carbon-based metal hydrides for hydrogen storage applications has been comprehensively reviewed, emphasizing their potential ability to address global energy issues. The study details the mechanism of hydrogen storage on these materials, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of each technology. Carbon-based metal hydrides, which exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio, porosity, and chemical stability, making them a promising material for hydrogen storage, are explored as a feasible option for advanced hydrogen storage. This review also details recent advancements in material design, including the incorporation of transition metals and nanostructured carbon materials to enhance storage capacity and performance. The challenges related to practical implementation, such as cycling stability, cost, and environmental impact, are discussed in detail. Also, future research directions and policy support needed for Also, future research directions and policy support needed for adopting hydrogen storage technologies are presented. This review combines existing research and highlights critical gaps to advance the design of efficient, sustainable, and scalable hydrogen storage solutions.