Innovative and sensitive detection of a cancer cell line using a GMR sensor-based biochip prototype for diagnosis purposes

Abstract

For several years now, the development of rapid, sensitive, portable and inexpensive early diagnosis techniques has been the focus of increasing attention in the healthcare field, for both primary care and emergency medicine. We have previously demonstrated the proof-of-concept of a patented microfluidic biochip integrating a giant magnetoresistance (GMR)-based sensor, placed on either side of the channel, allowing for the one-by-one dynamic detection of single magnetically labeled biological targets, in a continuous flow mode. In this article, we implemented this two-stage GMR sensor to improve the readiness level of this technology and move towards point-of-care (POC) analysis. We used semi-complex culture medium samples spiked with a murine cancer cell line, pre-labeled with functionalized magnetic particles, to evaluate the biochip performances in detail. The quantitative detection of target cells in low concentrated samples was achieved, with a sensitivity of 5 × 10² cells per mL at a 2 mL per hour flow rate and good specificity, even after addition of irrelevant cells to the sample. Finally, we demonstrated that these performances are competitive with existing techniques such as ELISA tests and flow cytometry analysis, paving the way for new GMR-based POC tests.