Recent advancement in electro-catalytical conversion of furfural to 2-methylfuran production

Abstract

The electrochemical reduction of furfural to 2-methylfuran (MF) offers a green and efficient route for producing high-value biofuels and chemicals from biomass. This review critically examines recent progress in catalyst development, mechanistic understanding, and interface engineering strategies that enhance MF selectivity while mitigating side reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Key factors including electrode material, electrolyte pH, applied potential, and adsorption configuration are explored in detail. Advances in operando characterization and theoretical modeling have begun to reveal active sites and reaction pathways, though challenges persist in achieving high selectivity and scalability. We identify current limitations, such as competing reactions, unclear active sites, and limited electrode diversity and propose targeted solutions including dynamic interface tuning, molecular modifiers, and rational catalyst design. This review highlights the potential of electrocatalytic furfural to MF conversion as a sustainable platform for future green chemical manufacturing.