Inventive pectic acid grafted with polyacrylamide for a highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic dopamine sensor in pharmaceutical samples

Abstract

Unrivaled polyacrylamide grafted pectic acid (PAAm-g-PA) was efficiently produced utilizing a grafting polymerization-derived free radical process. Key reaction conditions were optimized, including initiator concentration, temperature, reaction duration, and monomer concentration. The product's conversion, grafting percentage, and solid content were also estimated. The unique PAAm-g-PA was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrochemical analysis. This inventive PAAm-g-PA was used to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for direct dopamine (DA) electrochemical monitoring via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). From the CV analysis, PAAm-g-PA/SPCE enhanced electro-catalytic activity towards DA oxidation. According to DPV findings, the developed sensor revealed a linear response for concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 220 μM and a detection limit around 3.0 nM. The PAAm-g-PA/SPCE demonstrated good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Additionally, the produced sensor showed satisfactory recoveries for pharmaceutical samples.