Computed tomography image analysis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles-induced cytopathic effect on Hep-G2 cell lines

Abstract

The main aim of the present study is to examine the effect of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co₃O₄ NPs) on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cells. The cells were exposed to red light with a wavelength of λ = 655 nm for 30 minutes at a power of 50 mW cm⁻² and in the dark. The sol–gel method was used to create Co₃O₄ NPs, which were then calcined at 800 °C. HRTEM, XRD, SEM, FTIR, DLS, and zeta potential tests were used to examine Co₃O₄ NPs and to determine their shape, size, crystal structure, surface appearance and charge, and size range. The results revealed that light-induced photodynamic treatment is highly detrimental. MATLAB-R2010a and Fiji (ImageJ) open-source program powered by the National Institutes of Health (US) software were used to analyze the collected data to determine its quantitative or qualitative qualities through the use of gray-level histogram analysis. After the tested cells were looked at in grayscale images made with computed tomography (CT) and Co₃O₄ NPs, we found that there was a broad peak in the middle. On the other hand, the histogram shows a leftward skew and shift with a peak that has a wide base and a sharp top or bottom in cell lines. This study provides strong evidence that Co₃O₄ NPs can stop Hep-G2 cell lines from multiplying. The data from CT images of Co₃O₄ NPs showed a high degree of statistical significance. This work summarizes the use of metallic NPs, particularly Co₃O₄ NPs, in CT imaging to detect and treat cancer.