Graphene oxide anchored ferric vanadate acid for the electrochemical detection of bisphenol A in tap water and urine

Abstract

The gradual emissions of bisphenol A (BPA) pose significant health risks by interfering with hormonal regulation, which urgently require to develop an efficient and rapid detection method. Here, an electrochemical sensor using graphene oxide anchored ferric vanadate acid (GO/FeVO₄) nanocomposite was developed for BPA detection. The electrochemical signals of GO grafted on FeVO₄ was significantly enhanced by 7.4-fold relative to that of pure FeVO₄, attributed to transition metal valence effects and adsorption by H-bond. The optimized system achieved a detection limit of 1.18 μM with a linear range of 0.01–40 μM. Additionally, it displayed outstanding stability, reproducibility and selectivity. These findings demonstrate strong potential for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics, particularly for rapid on-site BPA detection in tap water and urine. The sensor of GO/FeVO₄ with high conductivity and catalytic activity offers a sensitive, cost-effective solution for BPA detection in environmental and medical clinics.