Environmental applications of magnetic nanohybrid materials

Abstract

The distinctive characteristics and versatile functionalities of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) position them as promising candidates for numerous environmental applications, attributed to their structural and physiochemical properties. Magnetic nanoparticles can integrate organic polymers, carbon-based materials, and metal oxides to form multifunctional composites that effectively adsorb and degrade pollutants. This review article discusses the magnetic nanomaterials and the techniques employed to functionalize and tailor these materials and their application for wastewater treatment, cleanup of oil spills, and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants of emerging concern. Focusing on their regeneration capabilities, catalytic performance, and adsorption efficiency, the article analyzes how magnetic nanohybrids engage with pollutants remediation. Additionally, it evaluates these materials' stability, implications, and recyclability to assess their practical applicability in real-world environmental scenarios. By presenting a detailed overview of the recent advancements, challenges, and prospects, this work aims to assist researchers in developing and enhancing magnetic nanohybrids as a remediation technology to advance sustainable environmental remediation strategies. The magnetic nanoparticles discussed in this document exhibit remarkable efficacy in contaminant removal due to their magnetic retrievability, facilitating easier recovery and reuse. These advantages not only enhance their practical applications but also align with principles of sustainability and resource efficiency. The innovative integration of advanced magnetic materials with green chemistry principles outlined in this review significantly enhances environmental remediation initiatives. This review adopts a holistic approach by emphasizing the benefits while addressing challenges, including instability, elevated costs, quality and functionality problems, concerns regarding secondary pollution, and issues related to reusability.