Catalytic acidic deep eutectic mixture for efficient and promising synthesis of quinazolinone and quinoxaline derivatives

Abstract

A facilitated and economical protocol was designed to synthesize novel acidic deep eutectic mixture (ADEM) from urea/SbCl₃/HCl as commercially available substrates for the first time. Urea acts as a hydrogen bond donor, SbCl₃ serves as a Lewis acid catalyst, and HCl provides ionic conductivity and an acidic environment. The architectural chemical composition of acidic deep eutectic mixture was confirmed using EDX and FT-IR spectroscopy. This approach led to performing the quinazolinone synthesis with remarkable yield under moderate conditions in a short time and excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, in another reaction via a one-pot strategy, π-conjugated polycyclic quinoxaline frameworks were successfully synthesized. Moreover, ADEM demonstrated the capability of being reused and recycled for up to five terms while not decreasing the efficiency or impacting chemical performance regarding the reaction. Besides, the exploitation of inexpensive materials, time-saving reactions, and broad substrate range are prominent attributes of the designed procedure.