Mechanical performance analysis of a 3D printing-based transtibial prosthetic socket against the gait cycle using the finite element method

Abstract

In order to restore near-normal gait patterns and increase patients' mobility post-amputation, prosthetic sockets are crucial. Currently, few 3D-printed prosthetic sockets are available, and little research has been conducted on their mechanical performance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess and characterize the performance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and polyamide 6/Nylon 6 (PA6) materials in prosthetic sockets fabricated via 3D printing. The heel-strike phase was determined to be the most critical condition in this study, and finite element technique simulations were used to consider the loads caused during the gait cycle. Findings demonstrated the superior strength and durability of the PC material, with the highest safety factor of 1.697 and a maximum Von-Mises stress of 36.49 MPa. The PET material provides the finest balance between strength and cost-effectiveness, while the PA6 material delivers the best strength and flexibility with a total deformation of 16.01 mm. This study offers suggestions for choosing materials to improve the ultimate functionality of prosthetic sockets made using 3D printing technology in clinical applications.