Issue 27, 2025, Issue in Progress

Photodegradation of 2,4-DCP in biochar-related environments: impacts of dissolved organic matter and its molecular weight

Abstract

The widespread application of biochar has inevitably led to the release of various amounts of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) and gradual formation of a biochar-related environment, which significantly influences the environmental behaviors of contaminants. However, the impacts of BDOM on chlorophenol photodegradation remain unknown. In this study, we prepared BDOM from crop residue biochar to evaluate its effects on 2,4-DCP photodegradation. The results showed that 2,4-DCP undergoes self-sensitized photodegradation via the self-production of 1O2 and ˙OH in the absence of BDOM. The BDOM enhanced 2,4-DCP photodegradation owing to the production of 3BDOM*, 1O2 and ˙OH, contributing 60%, 22.2% and 4.4%, respectively. Nevertheless, this facilitation effect was weakened with increasing BDOM content because of the enhanced light screening and quenching effects. Low molecular weight (MW, <1 kDa) fractions predominated in BDOM, with a contribution of 62.7%; moreover, these fractions had a higher potential to produce 3BDOM* and 1O2 and played more important roles in 2,4-DCP indirect photodegradation than high MW fractions. The high MW fractions (MW > 1 kDa) exhibited a stronger light screening effect that decelerated the photodegradation of 2,4-DCP. Furthermore, the degradation of 2,4-DCP by 3BDOM* occurred via both energy and electron transfer pathways, in which low MW fractions of BDOM were predominantly formed via the energy transfer pathway, while high MW fractions were mainly formed through the electron transfer pathway. These results suggest that the low MW fractions of BDOM have stronger photoactivity and may play more significant roles in influencing the environmental behaviors of refractory pollutants.

Graphical abstract: Photodegradation of 2,4-DCP in biochar-related environments: impacts of dissolved organic matter and its molecular weight

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
09 Apr 2025
Accepted
08 Jun 2025
First published
25 Jun 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2025,15, 21555-21567

Photodegradation of 2,4-DCP in biochar-related environments: impacts of dissolved organic matter and its molecular weight

H. Liu, X. Gong, L. Zhang, M. Shen, G. Yin and Y. Wang, RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 21555 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA02462E

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