Advancements in preceramic inorganic polymers for environmental applications: properties, synthesis, and potential uses

Abstract

Preceramic inorganic polymers (PCIPs) have garnered attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in environmental contexts. They are highly resistant to heat, making them suitable for high-temperature processes like pollution control, waste management, and water purification. Additionally, PCIPs possess strong mechanical properties, including high strength and stiffness, which enable them to be used in harsh conditions. Their excellent chemical resistance also makes them useful in corrosive environments and as protective coatings for metals. This review explores different methods for synthesizing PCIPs, including sol–gel processing, polymerization, and pyrolysis. Each method has its benefits and challenges, depending on the desired characteristics and intended applications. PCIPs can be utilized in various environmental solutions, including catalytic converters and air filters for pollution control, stabilizing hazardous waste, and treating wastewater. They also have potential applications in coatings, composites, and sensors, demonstrating their versatility across various industries. This review offers a comprehensive discussion of PCIPs, concentrating on their properties, production methods, and environmental applications. It also examines future opportunities for utilizing PCIPs in sustainable environmental solutions, emphasizing their crucial role in addressing environmental challenges.