Issue 19, 2025, Issue in Progress

Protein-based nanoparticles for antimicrobial and cancer therapy: implications for public health

Abstract

This review discusses the growing potential of protein-based nanoparticles (PBNPs) in antimicrobial and cancer therapies, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, applications, and future prospects. In antimicrobial therapy, PBNPs exhibit several mechanisms of action, including disruption of microbial membranes, enhanced antibiotic delivery, immune modulation, and biofilm disruption. Protein nanoparticles like albumin, lactoferrin, gelatin, and peptide-based variants enhance the efficacy of antibiotics, offering targeted approaches to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Their ability to improve drug localization and enhance microbial eradication represents a significant advancement in infectious disease management. In cancer therapy, PBNPs facilitate targeted drug delivery, controlled release, tumor microenvironment modulation, and photothermal and photodynamic therapies. Nanoparticles such as Abraxane® and engineered ferritin nanocages are at the forefront of cancer treatment, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of chemotherapy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, silk fibroin nanoparticles are being explored for their biodegradability and targeting capabilities. Despite their promise, challenges remain, including the scalability of production, long-term safety concerns, regulatory approval processes, and environmental impact. Addressing these issues through rigorous research and innovation is crucial for integrating PBNPs into mainstream therapeutic practices. PBNPs offer transformative solutions in both antimicrobial and cancer therapies, with significant implications for improving public health outcomes globally.

Graphical abstract: Protein-based nanoparticles for antimicrobial and cancer therapy: implications for public health

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
02 Mar 2025
Accepted
17 Apr 2025
First published
08 May 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2025,15, 14966-15016

Protein-based nanoparticles for antimicrobial and cancer therapy: implications for public health

I. H. Ifijen, R. F. Awoyemi, E. Faderin, U. U. Akobundu, A. S. Ajayi, J. U. Chukwu, O. K. Lekan, O. D. Asiriuwa, M. Maliki and E. U. Ikhuoria, RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 14966 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA01427A

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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