Efficient Rhodamine B degradation via Fenton-like and E-Fenton processes using magnetic biochar from rubber seed shells

Abstract

This study evaluates the potential of magnetic biochar derived from rubber seed shells for the Rhodamine B (RhB) removal using Fenton-like and electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) processes. The magnetic catalyst was synthesized by pyrolyzing rubber seed shell and incorporating α-FeOOH via precipitation. Characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, EDX, and FTIR, confirmed successful integration of iron into the biochar matrix, enhancing its catalytic efficiency. Under optimized conditions (pH 3, catalyst dosage of 0.5 g L⁻¹, H₂O₂ concentration of 20 mM, initial RhB concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹, current of 150 mA, electrode distance of 2 cm, and contact time of 120 minutes), the ideal magnetic biochar (RBCF12) exhibited a RhB degradation efficiency of 91.67%. Kinetic studies revealed that the degradation followed a pseudo-first-order model. The degradation efficiency of RBCF12 remained over 60% after 6 consecutive runs, demonstrating its high stability and reusability for practical wastewater treatment applications. This research highlights the efficiency of magnetic biochar as a cost-effective, sustainable material for advanced oxidation processes. Additionally, by leveraging both Fenton-like and E-Fenton processes, it offers a robust and eco-friendly solution to address dye contamination in industrial effluents, contributing to the development of more sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment practices.