Enhancement of the electrochemical response of a V2O5 integrated biochar@poly(aniline–pyrrole) hybrid composite-coated graphite electrode
Abstract
The fabrication of sustainable electrode materials with high specific capacitance values is essential for designing energy-efficient supercapacitors. With this aim, herein, V2O5-integrated biochar@poly(aniline–pyrrole), named the BC@CCp@V2O5 hybrid composite, is evaluated as an electrode material. First, biochar (BC) is prepared via a simple hydrothermal treatment of sucrose solution. Then, conducting poly(aniline–pyrrole) (CCp) is incorporated via a seeded chemical oxidation method to yield BC@CCp composite particles. Finally, the BC@CCp composite is thoroughly blended with calcined V2O5 at a composite to V2O5 (w/w) ratio of 4 : 1. The morphology and surface composition of the BC@CCp@V2O5 hybrid composite are analyzed and confirmed via electron microscopy and various spectral analyses. The electrochemical properties of BC@CCp, calcined V2O5 and the BC@CCp@V2O5-coated graphite electrode are measured and compared. According to galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) measurements, the BC@CCp@V2O5-coated electrode shows an exceptionally high capacitance value of 4150.6 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1. The BC@CCp@V2O5-coated electrode also demonstrates excellent capacitance retention (134%) at 10.0 A g−1 after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. This significant enhancement in the capacitance and stability is achieved owing to the combination of the individual components' properties and the synergistic interplay between calcined V2O5 and the active centers of BC@CCp. These observations represent a significant advancement in the design of sustainable BC@CCp@V2O5 electrode materials for application in energy-efficient supercapacitor devices.