Combining nanotechnology and nanohybrid methods to improve the physical and chemical properties of CuS and boost its photocatalytic aptitude

Abstract

This study used a simple chemical method followed by ultrasonication to make copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles and their carbon nanotube-based nanohybrid (CuS–CNTs). To characterize the catalysts, different methods were employed. XRD was used to confirm that the CNTs were integrated with the crystalline structure, FTIR was used to detect functional groups, and SEM-EDX further verified the catalysts' shape and make-up. The addition of CNTs enhanced the optical, optoelectronic, and electrical properties of CuS by preventing particle adhesion. UV-Vis, photoluminescence, and current–voltage tests showed that the material could absorb more light, stop charges from combining, and move charges more efficiently. Carbon content, moisture absorption, and thermal stability were evaluated through TGA analysis. The nanohybrid had great photocatalytic activity in visible light, breaking down all of the MB dye in 90 min. In comparison, bare CuS only mineralizes 65.9% of the dye in 100 min. The reaction rate constant (k) was calculated to be 0.024 min⁻¹. The nanohybrid's stability was shown by the fact that it lost only 2.15% of its efficiency over five cycles of reusability tests. Additionally, this study shows that nanotechnology and composite materials can improve semiconductor photocatalysis, which could be useful for cleaning up the environment.