Adsorptive removal of gaseous contaminants using biomass-based adsorbents

Abstract

Biomass-based adsorbents have emerged as attractive materials for the adsorptive removal of gaseous pollutants due to their abundance in nature, low cost, and environmental friendliness. The modification of the adsorbent surfaces has been regarded as an intriguing technique for improving and enhancing their adsorption capacity for efficient removal of pollutants. The present study investigates the most recent developments and applications of biomass-derived adsorbents for removing various gaseous contaminants from air and gas streams. The use of biomass materials such as agricultural waste and wood residue to synthesize adsorbents provides a long-term solution to environmental pollution. This is due to the fact that biomass-derived adsorbents can be designed to have a large surface area, porosity, and surface functionality, thereby increasing their adsorption capacity and selectivity for target pollutants using a variety of chemical processes such as carbonization, activation, and modification. This study presents a comprehensive report on the use of biomass-based adsorbents for the removal of various gaseous pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) and multi-gas components. The surface chemistry of biomass adsorbents, in addition to their porous nature, is discussed. Multi-gas adsorption properties and the regeneration of biomass adsorbent are also discussed. The challenges and future prospects for developing biomass-based adsorbents for gaseous pollutant removal are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of a thorough understanding of adsorption mechanisms, scalability of manufacturing processes, and integration with existing air purification technologies. The findings of this study present biomass-derived adsorbents as a promising alternative for mitigating the challenges associated with the danger of gaseous pollutants, contributing to sustainable environmental management and public health protection.