Sustainable antimicrobial formulations: vitamin-E based emulsions stabilized by plant-derived saponin from Acacia concinna

Abstract

The present study reports the formulation, characterization and antimicrobial studies of a stable vitamin-E-based o/w emulsion with saponin extracted from Acacia concinna. Saponins are plant-based natural surfactants and emulsifiers exhibiting antimicrobial activities against different fungi and bacteria. By embracing the gentle and natural profile of saponins, we can harness their potential benefits to ensure safer and sustainable developments. Vitamin-E, also known as a tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cells against damage caused by different external factors, like pollution, free radicals and toxins. Its anti-inflammatory properties promote healing of the affected area by reducing redness, itching, swelling, irritation and discomfort. Keeping all these properties in mind, an emulsion was formulated using saponin and vitamin-E. The emulsion, characterized using different spectrochemical methods, demonstrated its enhanced stability and commendable ability. It was found to remain stable at neutral pH and up to 60 °C, making it suitable for topical applications. Antimicrobial study of the o/w emulsion (SE) showed specific and efficient antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. This natural, gentle, and antioxidant-rich emulsion offers a promising alternative for targeted antifungal treatments for skin, hair and nails, warranting further studies of its in vivo efficacy.