Regulation of afterglow and self-trapped exciton emission in indium-based organic metal halides via metal ion doping for multilevel anti-counterfeiting

Abstract

Zero-dimensional hybrid metal halides (0D HMHs) have sparked extensive research in the field of optoelectronic materials due to their unique physical and chemical properties. This work innovatively incorporates In3+ into a triphenyl-sulfide-based organic phosphorescent system, successfully constructing a novel 0D hybrid metal halide, (Ph3S)2InCl5. This new material achieves a synergistic output of blue photoluminescence (PL) and green afterglow, which originate from the intrinsic excitation of [Ph3S]+. Through ns2 metal ion (Bi3+/Sb3+) doping engineering, a dual-channel energy transfer pathway is established, enabling the transition from singlet and triplet states to self-trapped exciton states, thereby achieving dynamic control of fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions. Additionally, temperature-dependent PL spectra, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), and Raman spectroscopy are employed to investigate the enhanced photoluminescence of the doped samples, revealing the process of STE (self-trapped excitons) recombination and the electron–phonon coupling processes. Based on these findings, a phosphorescence-PL dual-mode dynamic switching encryption system is constructed, utilizing a time-resolved multi-level decryption strategy to achieve high-order optical anti-counterfeiting. This work not only aids in the in-depth understanding of STE formation in In-based organic metal halides but also provides important guidance for the modulation strategy of STE and afterglow emissions in other 0D HMH luminescent materials.

Graphical abstract: Regulation of afterglow and self-trapped exciton emission in indium-based organic metal halides via metal ion doping for multilevel anti-counterfeiting

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Research Article
Submitted
04 Apr 2025
Accepted
10 Jun 2025
First published
12 Jun 2025

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2025, Advance Article

Regulation of afterglow and self-trapped exciton emission in indium-based organic metal halides via metal ion doping for multilevel anti-counterfeiting

H. Qi, J. Li, H. Yu, J. Zhang, C. Chen, Q. Han and W. Wu, Inorg. Chem. Front., 2025, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D5QI00894H

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