Cyclic grafted polymers: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications

Abstract

Cyclic grafted polymers, which feature a ring-shaped backbone densely functionalized with side chains, are among the most interesting emerging architectures due to their unique three-dimensional structures and tunable properties. This review outlines synthetic methodologies for forming cyclic grafted polymers and explores the principles and implications of polymer grafting by analyzing their physical properties and self-aggregation behavior. Through a critical examination of their synthesis, structural features, and functional potential, this review emphasizes the expanding opportunities that cyclic grafted polymers offer, especially in developing advanced materials and biomedical platforms for drug delivery, gene transfection, and biomaterials engineering.