Strategies for beating the bitter taste of pharmaceutical formulations towards better therapeutic outcomes

Abstract

Oral drug delivery remains the most favored method of administration due to its convenience and patient compliance. However, the unpleasant taste of certain medications often leads to poor acceptance, particularly among pediatric and geriatric patients. To address this issue, taste-masking (TM) technologies have emerged as effective solutions for improving the palatability of oral drugs. This review provides an overview of the key features of TM technologies, including the properties of materials used, their mechanisms, and applications in drug delivery. Typically, TM materials work by complexing or encapsulating drug molecules to prevent direct interaction with taste receptors, thus mitigating unpleasant flavors and enhancing the overall sensory experience. The review explores a range of materials—both synthetic and natural—and various TM technologies designed to mask bitter taste. Additionally, it discusses the latest methods for assessing the effectiveness of TM and the current regulatory landscape surrounding the use of these technologies in drug delivery.