Green synthesis of aryl amides via recyclable Et3N/H2O-promoted C–Cl activation in water

Abstract

A novel, facile synthesis of substituted and functionalized aryl amides has been developed. This one-pot procedure involves an Et₃N/H₂O-promoted cascade C–Cl bond activation and amidation of trichloromethyl aromatic compounds with amines, using water as a solvent and oxygen source. Moreover, both water and triethylamine used in the reaction can be recovered and reused. This method represents a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional methodologies, offering advantages such as a wide substrate range, metal-free conditions, and scalability to gram-scale synthesis. Notably, this method effectively addresses the low-yield limitations associated with earlier aromatic amine-based substrate systems.