Beating-wave analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering of unilamellar liposomes loaded with model drug Benzocaine

Laura Baraldi; Serena R. Alfarano; Flávia Sousa; Luciano Marchiò; Alessia Bacchi; Raffaele Mezzenga; Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser; Alke Petri-Fink; Sandor Balog

doi:10.1039/D5NR01468A

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Beating-wave analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering of unilamellar liposomes loaded with model drug Benzocaine

Laura Baraldi,

†*^a Serena R. Alfarano,^b Flávia Sousa,

‡^a Luciano Marchiò,

^c Alessia Bacchi,

^c Raffaele Mezzenga,

^b Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,

^a Alke Petri-Fink

^a and Sandor Balog

*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Adolphe Merkle Institute and National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
E-mail: sandor.balog@unifr.ch, laura.baraldi@hest.ethz.ch

^b Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland

^c Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy

Abstract

A robust mathematical model was developed to characterize the liposomal bilayer via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The model was tested on four liposome formulations having the same excipients but different loaded drugs, demonstrating high accuracy in drawing the electron density profiles, highlighting their differences.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D5NR01468A
Article type: Communication
Submitted: 11 Apr 2025
Accepted: 16 Oct 2025
First published: 23 Oct 2025
This article is Open Access

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Nanoscale, 2025, Advance Article

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Beating-wave analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering of unilamellar liposomes loaded with model drug Benzocaine

L. Baraldi, S. R. Alfarano, F. Sousa, L. Marchiò, A. Bacchi, R. Mezzenga, B. Rothen-Rutishauser, A. Petri-Fink and S. Balog, Nanoscale, 2025, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D5NR01468A

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Nanoscale

Beating-wave analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering of unilamellar liposomes loaded with model drug Benzocaine

Abstract

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Beating-wave analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering of unilamellar liposomes loaded with model drug Benzocaine

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