Issue 5, 2025

Enhanced superhydrophobic robustness of black silicon employing nanojungle structures

Abstract

Superhydrophobic surfaces are essential in various industries such as textiles, aviation, electronics and biomedical devices due to their exceptional water-repellent properties. Black silicon (b-Si) would be an ideal candidate for some applications due to its nanoscale topography made with a convenient lithography-free step and complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible fabrication process. However, its use is hindered by serious issues with mechanical robustness. This study presents ‘nanojungle b-Si’, characterized by elongated and deep nanostructures and fabricated through photoresist micromasks associating with Bosch etching. These nanojungle structures exhibit enhanced robustness and sustain superhydrophobicity under abrasive conditions, outperforming traditional ‘nanograss b-Si’. Optical analysis indicates that the nanojungle structures dissipate abrasive impact energy more effectively, preserving surface roughness and hydrophobicity. Notably, nanojungle b-Si maintains its superhydrophobicity even after impinging by 20 g of sand impacting from a height of 40 cm. This advancement in b-Si surfaces holds significant potential for enhancing future technological applications.

Graphical abstract: Enhanced superhydrophobic robustness of black silicon employing nanojungle structures

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
12 Oct 2024
Accepted
08 Jan 2025
First published
14 Jan 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Nanoscale, 2025,17, 2871-2877

Enhanced superhydrophobic robustness of black silicon employing nanojungle structures

L. Meng, M. Awashra, S. M. Mirmohammadi, S. M. Mousavi, J. Vapaavuori, V. P. Jokinen and S. Franssila, Nanoscale, 2025, 17, 2871 DOI: 10.1039/D4NR04226C

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