A novel electrochemical biosensor based on a heterojunction-structured COF/Co3O4/MWCNT: enabling the detection of dopamine and uric acid in complex matrices

Abstract

Dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) play pivotal roles in the human central nervous system, necessitating the urgent development of a rapid, specific, and highly sensitive detection method for the early diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. This study presents the creation of an electrochemical biosensor made from a composite material known as COF/Co₃O₄/MWCNT, which allows for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA. The enhancements in adsorption and enrichment of the COF/Co₃O₄/MWCNT composite for both DA and UA were notably improved through the incorporation of MWCNTs. The developed electrochemical sensor has detection limits (LOD) of 0.013 μM and 0.046 μM for DA and UA, respectively, with a linear range of 0.1 μM to 500 μM for each analyte. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates impressive features such as strong selectivity, consistent reproducibility, resistance to interference, and stability over extended periods.