Retraction: CTL–doxorubicin (DOX)–gold complex nanoparticles (DOX–AuGCs): from synthesis to enhancement of therapeutic effect on liver cancer model

Qiqian Liu; Hui Liu; Pasquale Sacco; Nadia Djaker; Marc Lamy de la Chapelle; Eleonora Marsich; Xiaowu Li; Jolanda Spadavecchia

doi:10.1039/D5NA90068A

Retraction: CTL–doxorubicin (DOX)–gold complex nanoparticles (DOX–AuGCs): from synthesis to enhancement of therapeutic effect on liver cancer model

Qiqian Liu,^ae Hui Liu,^be Pasquale Sacco,^ce Nadia Djaker,^ae Marc Lamy de la Chapelle,^de Eleonora Marsich,^ce Xiaowu Li*^be and Jolanda Spadavecchia*^ae

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* Corresponding authors

^a CNRS, UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
E-mail: jolanda.spadavecchia@univ-paris13.fr

^b Department of Hepato-biliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer, Shenzhen, China

^c Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

^d Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

^e IMMM – UMR 6283 CNRS, Université du Mans, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France

Abstract

Retraction of “CTL–doxorubicin (DOX)–gold complex nanoparticles (DOX–AuGCs): from synthesis to enhancement of therapeutic effect on liver cancer model” by Qiqian Liu et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2020, 2, 5231–5241, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NA00758G.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D5NA90068A
Article type: Retraction
Submitted: 24 Sep 2025
Accepted: 24 Sep 2025
First published: 29 Sep 2025
This article is Open Access

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Nanoscale Adv., 2025,7, 6659-6659

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Retraction: CTL–doxorubicin (DOX)–gold complex nanoparticles (DOX–AuGCs): from synthesis to enhancement of therapeutic effect on liver cancer model

Q. Liu, H. Liu, P. Sacco, N. Djaker, M. Lamy de la Chapelle, E. Marsich, X. Li and J. Spadavecchia, Nanoscale Adv., 2025, 7, 6659 DOI: 10.1039/D5NA90068A

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Retraction: CTL–doxorubicin (DOX)–gold complex nanoparticles (DOX–AuGCs): from synthesis to enhancement of therapeutic effect on liver cancer model

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Retraction: CTL–doxorubicin (DOX)–gold complex nanoparticles (DOX–AuGCs): from synthesis to enhancement of therapeutic effect on liver cancer model

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