Immobilization of pyrene-tagged metal complexes onto solid supports by π-stacking interactions: Syntheses and applications

Abstract

This review explores developments of metal complexes, based on their metal center, immobilized non-covalently onto diverse supports through functional anchors known as pyrene fragments. Additionally, it covers novel synthesis strategies and represents various practical applications, such as biosensors and biofuels, and generally in industrial applications. Since pyrene fragments play a key role in the structure of these metal complexes, their significant effects on functionality are highlighted. Not only the number of pyrene fragments but also numerous supports, including graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNT), edge-plane graphite (EPG), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), pyrene-modified gold (Au), and indium tin oxide (ITO), can have a significant influence due to their extraordinary properties. Furthermore, it indicates how a non-covalent approach between the pyrene fragment and the solid support can provide an enhanced catalyst through π-stacking interactions compared to their homogeneous counterparts. In order to reduce leaching, maintain activity and selectivity, and improve recyclability, both homogeneous and heterogeneous properties are combined together in this approach.

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
06 Jun 2025
Accepted
26 Sep 2025
First published
26 Sep 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Mater. Adv., 2025, Accepted Manuscript

Immobilization of pyrene-tagged metal complexes onto solid supports by π-stacking interactions: Syntheses and applications

E. Sanaei and G. Mohammadnezhad, Mater. Adv., 2025, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D5MA00598A

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes.

To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements