A comprehensive review of tire recycling technologies and applications

Abstract

Tire waste has emerged as a critical environmental concern due to the massive global production of tires and their resistance to natural degradation. End-of-life tires (ELTs) represent a significant portion of non-biodegradable solid waste, contributing to pollution and posing serious risks to ecosystems and public health. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of current tire recycling technologies and their applications. Key recycling methods such as mechanical grinding, pyrolysis, and devulcanization processing are discussed in detail. The paper highlights the various value-added applications of recycled tire materials in civil engineering, construction, energy recovery, and manufacturing. Environmental benefits, economic viability, and legislative frameworks are also examined. Finally, challenges associated with tire recycling and potential future directions for sustainable development are outlined. This review aims to guide researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers toward more efficient and eco-friendly tire recycling strategies.