Adipose Tissue-Derived ECM Hydrogels as 3D Platform for Neural Differentiation and Brain Diseases

Abstract

The interplay between extracellular matrix and cells significantly impacts cellular survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Cell growth within 3D scaffolds, particularly hydrogels that mimic cellular microenvironments offers more relevant insights into tissue development compared to traditional 2D systems. This study explores the behavior of neural stem cells and their differentiation within 3D pure adipose tissue derived-ECM (adECM) hydrogels. These hydrogels provide both physical and biochemical cues that closely resemble the 3D microarchitecture of native tissues. Encapsulating neuroectodermal NE-4C cells in adECM hydrogels at different concentrations revealed intriguing divergent cellular responses. While variations in fiber structure and pore formation between hydrogels did not significantly affect cell survival, they notably influenced the differentiation process. Analysis of neural-lineage-specific markers, such as tubulinβIII and GFAP, demonstrated divergent differentiation outcomes. This biologically derived, tissue-specific 3D platform enables in vitro study of neural differentiation and lays the groundwork for future neural models relevant to regenerative medicine and neurodegenerative research.