Synergistic Electrochemical Detection of Ciprofloxacin Using Bismuth Vanadate Nanocomposite-Modified Activated Carbon Derived from Banana Peel Biomass

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin (CPX) is a persistent antibiotic pollutant that poses significant environmental challenges, requiring innovative detection methods. This study developed a novel nanocomposite sensor using activated carbon from banana peels (ACBP) modified with bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) for electrochemical detection of CPX. Using advanced characterization techniques and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), researchers demonstrated an excellent electrode performance with a detection range of 0.1–1 μM and remarkable accuracy, achieving a 99 ± 6% recovery rate in wastewater samples. The research highlights the potential of combining agricultural waste and nanomaterials to create sustainable environmental monitoring technologies, offering a promising, rapid, and cost-effective alternative to traditional detection methods like high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.