Recent Advances on Hollow and Core-Shell Intrinsically Conducting Polymers for Their Applications in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding/Microwave Absorption, Removal of Metal Ions/Dyes and Supercapacitors

Abstract

In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the hollow micro-nano structured intrinsically conducting polymers, like polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. These structures combine the hollow shape of the conducting properties. The availability of the shells and inner voids accounts for the tunable physical/chemical properties offer low density, high surface area, and reduced length for both mass and charge transport, they offer their promising applications in the remediation of environments and energy, In view of this, present article is focused on the synthesis methods of intrinsically conducting polymers and the effect of different parameters on their properties followed by the hard and soft template approaches including template free methods reported in the fabrication of hollow intrinsically conducting polymers, their encapsulation and nanocomposites. In addition, formation of core-shell composites based on ICPs have also been reviewed, Subsequently, review highlights the application of hollow microspheres, 1 D hollow nanostructures, encapsulated hollow ICPs s well as hollow and core-shell nanocomposites in electromagnetic interference shielding, removal of heavy metal ions and different dye from waste water and as efficient electrode materials in supercapacitors. Finally, review ends with the summary and future perceptive on the on hollow structured and core-shell conducting polymers and their applications in the stated field of applications.