Porphyrin and phthalocyanine-based covalent organic frameworks for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction: from structural design to future perspectives

Abstract

The electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (ECO₂RR) offers a sustainable route for converting CO₂ into high-value-added chemicals and fuels, presenting a viable solution to urgent energy and environmental issues. Porphyrin and phthalocyanine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained attention as highly promising electrocatalysts for the ECO₂RR, owing to their structural precision, high porosity, tunable functional groups, and rich active sites. This review systematically outlines recent progress in the structural design and performance optimization of porphyrin and phthalocyanine-based COFs for ECO₂RR applications. Finally, in view of the current unresolved challenges, potential future research directions are suggested, providing insightful guidance for the development of advanced COF-based electrocatalysts for efficient CO₂ reduction.