Broad-range Spectral Management Towards Next-generation Net-zero Energy Greenhouses

Abstract

Greenhouses enable crop production in challenging climates, ensuring food security through controlled environments. Sustainable development requires addressing the food-energy-water nexus while optimising four key factors – light, temperature, CO2 levels, and water availability – that interact to shape plant productivity. Advancing next-generation greenhouses demands a transdisciplinary approach, yet existing innovations lack a comprehensive framework for integration. This perspective highlights recent technological advances and challenges, proposing pathways to synergise diverse elements, while emphasising the potential of broad-range spectral management. It aims at developing highly-efficient and sustainable net-zero energy greenhouses, paving the way to meet future agricultural demands and contribute to global sustainability goals.