Molecular solar thermal energy storage devices: Toward a more sustainable future

Abstract

The escalating demand for renewable energy is driving the rapid advancement of innovative energy storage and conversion technologies. Molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems, as a promising alternative energy solution, typically store photon energy as chemical energy in molecules via processes such as photoisomerization or cycloaddition reactions. This stored energy can then be released in the form of heat in a controlled manner upon external stimulation. Despite demonstrating tremendous potential under laboratory conditions, this technology still faces significant challenges in translation to functional devices. Recently, however, this dynamic field has begun to shift gradually from fundamental research toward functional applications, with notable progress being achieved. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest advances in functional devices based on MOST systems. We emphasize the key performance parameters and classification of MOST systems, and discuss the advantages and challenges of various MOST devices—with a particular focus on their significant potential for functionalized applications. Furthermore, we analyze emerging strategies and future opportunities for the development of MOST devices, aiming to facilitate their innovative application and propel further progress in MOST system research.