Radical Scavenger-Driven Oxidation Prevention and Structural Stabilization for Efficient and Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Tin (Sn)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising alternatives to lead-based PSCs owing to their lower toxicity and desirable optoelectronic properties. However, the instability of Sn-based perovskites and the vulnerability of the hole-transport layer (HTL), particularly poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), under oxidative environments remain significant challenges. In this study, we incorporated 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) as a radical scavenger at the HTL/perovskite interface in p–i–n PSCs to suppress Sn2+ oxidation through its radical scavenging properties, promote controlled growth of Sn-based perovskite films, and stabilize PEDOT:PSS by mitigating oxidative degradation. These effects resulted in improved crystallinity and reduced recombination losses leading to enhanced device performance. The power conversion efficiency of the PSCs increased from 11.08% to 13.42% upon the incorporation of TEMPOL, accompanied by improved operational stability. This study offers a promising route for addressing the key issues of Sn-based PSCs, paving the way for durable and efficient lead-free PSCs.

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
08 Feb 2025
Accepted
06 May 2025
First published
07 May 2025

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, Accepted Manuscript

Radical Scavenger-Driven Oxidation Prevention and Structural Stabilization for Efficient and Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

S. Jung, Y. Jang, H. Jung, Y. Kim, E. Son, S. Jeong, Y. Zhang, J. Kang, J. M. Baik, J. Lu and H. Park, Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D5EE00735F

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements