Exploring new frontiers: alliance of pyrazole and thiadiazole in energetic materials

Abstract

A series of high-performing C–C bonded nitropyrazole and thiadiazole-based energetic materials (compounds 3–7) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. SC-XRD studies supported the structure of compounds 3, 4, 6, and 7. The synthesized compounds exhibited high densities (≥1.77 g cm⁻³), compounds 3 and 5 demonstrating admirable detonation properties (VOD = 8300 and 7265 m s⁻¹; DP = 30.31 and 21.25 GPa, respectively), surpassing the present benchmark explosives HNS and TNT and setting new standards for sulfur-based energetic materials. Notably, compound 3 showed an ignition delay of 13 ms in a hot needle test, indicating its potential as an igniter.