Advances in ionic liquid-mediated protein crystallization

Abstract

Protein crystallization holds paramount significance in the realms of structural biology, biopharmaceutical production, protein purification, functional material preparation, and numerous other disciplines and fields. However, the complex conformational landscape of proteins and their sensitivity to the environment lead to challenges associated with achieving ordered assembly and limited the application of protein crystallization. In recent years, the application of ionic liquids (ILs) to mediate protein crystallization has provided new ideas to enhance protein crystallization. This review initially outlines the fundamental aspects and essential properties of ionic liquids. Subsequently, it provides a detailed overview of the research advancements focusing on the utilization of ionic liquids in augmenting protein crystallization. This review comprehensively summarizes the diverse impacts of ionic liquids on protein crystal morphology, crystallization thermodynamics, crystallization kinetics and protein stability. Ultimately, the manuscript delves into the underlying mechanisms of ionic liquid-mediated protein crystallization. This work provides valuable insights and theoretical guidance for the modulation of protein crystallization, the fabrication of protein crystal materials and the innovation of novel methods for protein crystallization.