A reactive terminator dual-tuning polyamide structure for high-performance nanofiltration membranes

Abstract

Nanofiltration membranes are often limited by the permeability–selectivity trade-off. To address this, we incorporated sulfonated additives via terminator-assisted interfacial polymerization, simultaneously tuning the pore size, thickness, and surface charge. The resulting membranes exhibit doubled water flux while maintaining >98% Na₂SO₄ rejection, providing a simple and effective strategy to overcome the traditional trade-off.