Chirality driven self-sorting in supramolecular assemblies of π-conjugated systems

Abstract

Self-sorting, the process by which molecules selectively recognize and assemble with identical or complementary partners, forms the basis of the formation of complex, functional supramolecular architectures in natural systems. Inspired by nature’s precision, π-conjugated systems have been engineered to self-assemble in solution via synergistic non-covalent interactions, enabling functional nanoarchitectures for organic electronics, photovoltaics, and chiroptical devices. However, achieving control over molecular ordering in these dynamic assemblies remains challenging due to kinetic traps and competing energetic states. Chirality-driven self-sorting has emerged as a powerful strategy, utilizing enantiomeric recognition to enable homochiral supramolecular polymerization. This feature article reviews key advances in chirality-controlled self-assembly of π-conjugated donors and acceptors, elucidates mechanisms that enable narcissistic and social self-sorting, and discusses innovative characterization methodologies for probing these complex systems.