Current trends and emerging opportunities for 2D materials in flexible and wearable sensors

Abstract

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials has dramatically transformed the landscape of modern electronics, particularly in the realm of wearable, flexible, and next-generation devices. This feature article summarises our achievements and the potential of 2D materials in developing wearable device prototypes, highlighting key material properties, device architectures, and fabrication strategies for innovative applications in healthcare monitoring, multimodal sensing, neuromorphic sensing, human–machine interfaces, and environmental sensing. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interplay between material characteristics and sensor performance, including sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility. Additionally, challenges such as scalability, integration with flexible substrates, and long-term reliability are discussed, alongside potential solutions and future directions. This article presents an in-depth review of the recent progress in the emerging 2D materials with potential to facilitate future breakthroughs in flexible and wearable sensing technologies.