Choline–geranate (CAGE) ionic liquids potentiate the anticancer activity of platinum-based drugs

Marta Costa Verdugo; Giulia Sierri; Laura Hernandez-Fernandez; Elena Formoso; José I. Miranda; Francesco Saverio Sica; Alejandro H. Orrego; Alba González; Elixabete Rezabal; Francesca Re; Luca Salassa

doi:10.1039/D5CC02226F

Choline–geranate (CAGE) ionic liquids potentiate the anticancer activity of platinum-based drugs†

Marta Costa Verdugo,

^abc Giulia Sierri,

^c Laura Hernandez-Fernandez,^ab Elena Formoso,

^ad José I. Miranda,

^e Francesco Saverio Sica,

^c Alejandro H. Orrego,

^f Alba González,^bg Elixabete Rezabal,

^ab Francesca Re

^ch and Luca Salassa

*^abi

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
E-mail: lsalassa@dipc.org

^b Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain

^c School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy

^d Kimika Fisikoa, Farmazia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Gasteiz, Spain

^e SGIker NMR Facility, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20080 San Sebastián, Spain

^f Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)—Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain

^g POLYMAT, Joxe Mari Korta zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain

^h Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy

ⁱ Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain

Abstract

The influence of choline and geranic acid-based ionic liquids (CAGE ILs) on the anticancer activity of selected Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes was investigated. All complexes exhibited appreciable solubility in CAGE ILs, with Pt(II) complexes 2 and 4 undergoing immediate ligand substitution. In contrast, the hydrophobic derivative 3 demonstrated remarkable stability for up to 48 hours. ¹⁹F–¹H HOESY NMR analysis revealed that 3 localized within the hydrophobic regions of CAGE 1 : 2 (choline:geranate). When tested in U87-MG glioblastoma cells, CAGE ILs enhanced the anticancer activity of the Pt complexes. Notably, complex 3 exhibited a significant increase in cytotoxicity, nearly completely reducing cell viability when formulated with CAGE IL.

Chemical Communications

Choline–geranate (CAGE) ionic liquids potentiate the anticancer activity of platinum-based drugs†

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Choline–geranate (CAGE) ionic liquids potentiate the anticancer activity of platinum-based drugs

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