Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have demonstrated significant potentials for environmentally friendly energy alternatives. Innovations in the affordability and durability of fuel cell catalysts have facilitated large-scale commercialization of clean electric power. In this review article, we introduced the working principle and key components of PEMFCs, and its application fields of transportation, electricity generation, industry, heat and power supply, and portable power sources. The technical progress and research development of PEMFCs in membrane electrode assembly, gas diffusion layer, proton exchange membrane, bipolar plates, catalyst layers are reviewed. These advances illuminate new pathways for hydrogen technology and fuel cell applications, underscoring the global transition towards a sustainable energy future.