Efficient direct regeneration of spent LiFePO4 from various degradation states for sustainable battery recycling

Abstract

Efficient regeneration of spent LiFePO₄ is essential for the sustainable management of end-of-life electric vehicle batteries, given their significant market share. A universal method capable of directly regenerating spent LiFePO₄ from cells with varying states of health is crucial for practical implementation. Herein, we developed an oxalic acid/lithium hydroxide-based regeneration approach that effectively restores mixed spent LiFePO₄, achieving a high specific capacity of 163.1 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1C.