In situ enrichment and ultrasensitive analysis of interstitial fluid miRNA enabled by hydrogel microneedles coupled with DNA-gated metal–organic frameworks

Abstract

A novel strategy combining GelMA hydrogel microneedles and DNA-gated MOFs for sensitive miRNA detection in skin interstitial fluid (ISF) is reported. GelMA MNs efficiently extract ISF, while DNA-gated MOFs offer dual-mode detection via fluorescence and SERS. In vivo results demonstrate successful miRNA extraction and sensitive biomarker detection, advancing minimally invasive diagnostics and real-time health monitoring.