Pesticides in the atmosphere: a review of sampling and sample treatment techniques

Abstract

Pesticides may be present in the atmosphere in their gaseous form or adhered to particulate matter. To determine these compounds, techniques involving active and passive sampling are used prior to sample preparation and subsequent determination. This review addresses the main studies over the last 8 years, bringing practical aspects and their advantages and disadvantages regarding the different strategies of sampling as well as the materials used, the different techniques used for the extraction of compounds during sample preparation and the analytical instrumentation used for determination.