Critical Analysis of Advanced Nanosensors for Dengue Detection

Abstract

A major global health risk, dengue is a virus spread by Aedes aegypti andAedes albopictus mosquitoes. it is most common in subtropical and tropical areas. For efficient epidemic management and control, dengue virus (DENV) identification must be performed accurately and in a timely manner. Traditional diagnostic techniques, such as molecular detection, antigen detection, and serological testing, have several drawbacks, including being expensive, time-consuming, having high turnaround times, having low sensitivity, and delayed results. With the advent of nanotechnology, these issues can be addressed by developing nanosensors with enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and fast detection rates. A comprehensive investigation of nanosensor applications in DENV detection is provided in this article. The dengue virus is briefly discussed, along with its composition, life cycle, and drawbacks of the current diagnostic methods. After that, we evaluate the fundamental ideas behind nanosensors and how they work with contemporary technologies to identify diseases. The main approaches, including various types of nanosensors, such as optical, Fluorometric nanobiosensors, Colorimetric nanosensors, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensors, Impedimetric nanobiosensor-based, electrochemical and piezoelectric-based detection methods;Microfluidic-based; Nonconventional microfluidic-based detection of dengue virus; CRISPR-based assays; DNA switch-based sensing technologies; and smartphone-based biosensors, are discussed in detail, highlighting their mechanisms and applications in the context of dengue detection. There is an emphasis on the benefits of these nanosensors in terms of quick, precise and affordable diagnosis. The discussion then shifts to the current challenges faced in the application of nanosensors for dengue detection. Finally, we outline future directions and emerging trends in the field, outlining possible avenues for research and development to overcome existing barriers and improve the application of nanosensors in clinical settings.