Issue 21, 2024

Morphology- and defect-coordinated prominent microwave absorption, thermal exhaustion, and electrical insulation in SnO2@SnP2O7@Sn2P2O7 hierarchical architectures

Abstract

To solve the severe problems of electromagnetic pollution and thermal exhaustion in electronics, this work pioneers the utilization of SnO2@SnP2O7@Sn2P2O7 hierarchical architectures (HAs) as an electrically insulated filler with strong microwave absorption and high heat conduction. The HAs are produced through a simple hydrothermal–annealing approach, in which their morphology and defects are precisely tuned by controlling the concentration of Sn2+ ([Sn2+]) and solvent types. Due to the self-assembly of SnO2 nonbuilding blocks determined by the minimal surface free energy, a morphological evolution occurs from hexagonal stars to leaves and then to leaf-shaped flowers with an increase in the [Sn2+] and further to rod-based flowers when water is used as the solvent. Results show that the SnO2@SnP2O7@Sn2P2O7 HAs obtained under [Sn2+] = 0.4 mol L−1, resembling a dense leaf-shaped flower, exhibit a synergistic enhancement in electrical insulation (0.00983 S m−1), microwave absorbing capabilities (MWACs) (6.48 GHz; 2.0 mm), and heat conduction (4.745 W (m−1 K−1), a 20% load). This enhancement is due to the cooperative action of defects and a unique hierarchical configuration. The defects can not only provide free electrons for various polarizations and conductive loss but also act as polarization centers for dipole polarization. Moreover, the flower-shaped hierarchical architecture easily forms 3D continuously conductive micro-networks for electron/phonon transfer, conductive loss, and multiple microwave scattering. Overall, this work establishes a theoretical basis for the design and utilization of SnO2@SnP2O7@Sn2P2O7 HAs as advanced electronic packaging materials with outstanding microwave absorption, thermal exhaustion, and electrical insulation.

Graphical abstract: Morphology- and defect-coordinated prominent microwave absorption, thermal exhaustion, and electrical insulation in SnO2@SnP2O7@Sn2P2O7 hierarchical architectures

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
06 Mar 2024
Accepted
23 Apr 2024
First published
24 Apr 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 12452-12466

Morphology- and defect-coordinated prominent microwave absorption, thermal exhaustion, and electrical insulation in SnO2@SnP2O7@Sn2P2O7 hierarchical architectures

X. Liu, S. Xie, S. Cai, K. Fu, X. Liu, L. Lin, Z. Yu, G. Tong and W. Wu, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 12452 DOI: 10.1039/D4TA01541J

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